AFIR explained: Key steps to compliant EV charging networks

As e-mobility infrastructure evolves and the number of electric vehicles on European roads continues to grow, the European Union is introducing new regulations to standardize and simplify charging systems. One of the key regulations in this area is the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), which replaces the previous Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive (AFID) (2014/94/EU). AFIR has applied since 13 April 2024. AFID’s directive-based approach led to inconsistencies in implementation across EU member states.

AFIR introduces stricter and more binding requirements for e-mobility charging infrastructure, making compliance essential for charging station operators. Unlike AFID, AFIR is a regulation, meaning it is directly applicable in all EU member states without the need for national transposition. This ensures faster, uniform implementation across Europe, preventing delays and regulatory fragmentation.

The regulation’s primary objectives are to ensure interoperability, price transparency, and support the use of renewable energy in e-mobility charging infrastructure. Key measures include the mandatory deployment of high-power charging stations every 60 km along major transport corridors and the requirement for newly installed chargers of at least 50 kW to accept card payments. While adapting to AFIR poses financial and technical challenges, businesses that proactively comply with these regulations will gain a competitive advantage and play a leading role in the growing e-mobility sector.

Objectives of AFIR

AFIR aims to have a unified, modern, and accessible electric vehicle charging infrastructure across Europe. The new regulations will facilitate the expansion of e-mobility by ensuring the deployment of charging points in key locations, enabling more electric vehicles to be used on the roads. Travel will become easier thanks to the introduction of high-power charging stations at least every 60 km along main TEN-T corridors (for passenger vehicles), eliminating infrastructure gaps. AFIR introduces standardization, intending to make e-mobility charging more intuitive and accessible. Key objectives include ensuring price transparency, allowing users to compare offers and make informed decisions. These rules also support sustainability by encouraging the use of renewable energy in charging infrastructure, which will reduce the carbon footprint of transport. AFIR will promote interoperability, to provide access to the charging network regardless of the operator, so users can use different energy suppliers through one service.

Key AFIR requirements: what to watch for?

To comply with AFIR, companies should focus on a few key aspects, such as standardization of charging points, network availability, and price transparency.

Companies should review their e-mobility charging stations in detail to check if they meet the technical standards, availability, and power requirements. New rules also require price transparency at charging stations, ensuring users have easy access to pricing information.

Publicly accessible charging stations must support ad hoc payment. Depending on the power of the charger, different types of authentication may be required along with payment terminal integration:

• EVSE >= 50kW must accept payment cards via an internal or outdoor payment terminal
• EVSE < 50kw may rely on a mobile app or website, e.g., via QR code
• The customer must be able to overrule automatic authentication, e.g., AutoCharge or Plug & Charge

Installing a card terminal is the easy part. Running terminals, apps and roaming as one payment system is harder, and we cover it in our guide to ad hoc payment across terminals, apps and roaming.

Additionally, AFIR promotes interoperability of charging systems, which means that car drivers can use different networks without having to create new accounts or buy new RFID cards. According to AFIR, by the end of 2025 the TEN-T core network needs a charging pool every 60 km in each direction, with at least 400 kW in total and at least one 150 kW charging point. Companies investing in e-mobility infrastructure must consider these requirements in their network development plans.

ISO 15118 is now part of AFIR

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/656 adds communication standards to AFIR. It applies from 8 January 2026. Public charging points installed or upgraded from that date must support ISO 15118 (parts 1 to 5). From 1 January 2027, newly installed or upgraded points must also support ISO 15118-20.

Two points matter in practice. First, the regulation sets the obligation but no conformity assessment route, and conformance tests for ISO 15118-20 are still in development. Second, Plug & Charge does not replace ad hoc payment: the European Commission’s AFIR Q&A states that ISO 15118 payments are not relevant to the ad hoc obligation in Article 5(1). Where each grid function should sit between the charger, the charging platform and the utility is the subject of our white paper on ISO 15118 and grid functions in the charger.

Challenges of implementing AFIR

Adapting to AFIR requirements poses a series of challenges that can be a barrier for charging station operators and investors. One of the key issues is the high cost of modernization and building new charging points. Installing a station with a power of at least 150 kW requires not only the right equipment but also an extended electrical infrastructure.

Another important challenge is data. Since 14 April 2025, operators must publish static and dynamic data for their public charging points, including location, availability and the ad hoc price, through their country’s national access point. Companies must implement data systems that keep this information accurate in real time. OCPI 2.3 adds support for these AFIR data fields, which our OCPI 2.2.1 vs 2.3 migration guide covers. This means investing in the right software and IT solutions, such as dedicated e-mobility software platforms, that will enable efficient management and help them demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.

All these factors make implementing AFIR not only a technical challenge but also an organizational and financial one. However, companies that prepare for these changes will have a competitive advantage and become leaders in the growing electric mobility market.

Tips for implementing AFIR

• Review your existing charging stations and management systems — Check what needs to be upgraded to meet the new technical and operational standards.
• Choose OCPP compliant systems (read our guide on whether to buy or build an OCPP integration) – Opt for solutions compliant with Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) to enable charging stations to be integrated with different management systems and operators. Protocol versions 2.0.1 and above make achieving compliance with AFIR easier, via features like SetDisplayMessage, which helps display pricing information on the charging station’s screen.
• Offer flexible payment methods – Allow users to pay using cards, mobile apps and roaming services to increase station availability and AFIR compliance.
• Implement monitoring and reporting – Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation requires operators to publish station availability and ad hoc prices through national access points. Automated reporting will help avoid administrative issues and increase infrastructure control.
• Go for scalable solutions – Choose technologies and systems, like modular e-mobility solutions, that allow for easy expansion in the future. Modular infrastructure and compatible software will ease development according to market growth.
• Consult with experts – AFIR implementation is a complex process that requires knowledge of regulations, technologies and the market. Use the support of experts, like Codibly, who will help you align infrastructure and save costs.

A strategic approach to AFIR

Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation is not only a regulation, but a trigger for the dynamic development of e-mobility infrastructure in Europe. Companies that implement the new rules strategically and in advance will not only avoid fines but also gain market advantage.

Please note, this article is for general information only and isn’t legal advice. If you need detailed guidance, it’s best to talk to an expert or your local authorities. For more info on AFIR, check out the official documents in the Official Journal of the EU (EU 2023/1804), available here:

• AFIR (EU 2023/1804) regulation 
• Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/656 (ISO 15118)
• AFIR & OCPP 
• AFID (2014/94/EU) 

Ready to make your infrastructure AFIR-compliant and lead the e-mobility market? Codibly builds charging platforms for CPOs and eMSPs and would be happy to help you adapt your infrastructure to the new requirements.